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時間:2016-09-20
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很多同學認為,聽力題中主旨題要數(shù)所有題型中最簡單的了,托福6大題型中,無論是對話還是lecture,都會不可缺少的出現(xiàn)主旨題。這道題雖不難,但是如果我們不掌握一些解題技巧和關(guān)鍵點,同樣會失分。接下來留學監(jiān)理網(wǎng)的老師就來給大家分享一篇:策略備考托福聽力的重中之重--主旨題,供大家學習。
1、 主旨題在原文和題目中的位置
首先要明確托福聽力考試的一大特色就是題目順序與文章的行文順序相一致。所以,同學們要明確的是主旨題出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭部分,絕對不會出現(xiàn)在文章的中間部分。明確了題目的位置之后,我們來看一下主旨題的分類。
2、 主旨題題型分類及典型問法
主旨題分為目的主旨和內(nèi)容主旨。
目的主旨:考查對話目的而非內(nèi)容,即兩個說話者的對話目的和教授講這篇文章的目的。目的主旨一般出現(xiàn)于conversation中。
目的主旨典型問法:
Why does the student visit the professor?
Why does the student visit the registrar’s office?
Why did the professor ask to see the student?
Why does the professor explain X?
內(nèi)容主旨: 要求考生理解講座或?qū)υ挼闹髦即笠?。材料有時會明確提出主旨,有時要學生對聽到的信息進行總結(jié)。
內(nèi)容主旨典型問法:
What problem does the man have?
What are the speakers talking about?
What is the main idea of the lecture?
What aspect of X does the professor mainly discuss?
3、 主旨題解題技巧
首先要聽準開頭;特別是開頭句型,之后找出對話目的;如果開頭沒有把握準,那么要注意全文重復詞匯;最后要聽準關(guān)鍵詞并對實義詞(名詞、動詞、形容詞)足夠敏感。那么,如何聽準開頭呢?在conversation和lecture的開頭中,有的文章會出現(xiàn)寒暄部分。
比如,在conversation中兩個說話者的在開頭部分都會出現(xiàn)互相問好的寒暄語:
e.g.1
A : Hey, how is everything going?
B: Well, everything is going fine.
在這些寒暄之后說話人A說Do you need some tutoring in English? 說話人B說:yes, I am taking English composition and my English is not very good. 這才是文章的真正內(nèi)容,也就是文章的主旨!所以選項的相應(yīng)部分選擇的是:She needs a tutoring appointment!
在lecture中,有時教授上來不會直接切入正題,而是先會寒暄幾句。
例1: 有個教授上來先說I am sorry that I didn’t bring your paper, and it took longer to grade than I thought. So I will bring you the paper next class. Today, I want to continue our topic about Renaissance.
所以 “I am sorry that I didn’t bring your paper, and it took longer to grade than I thought. So I will bring you the paper next class?!?這句話都是在說與文章主旨無關(guān)緊要的話。而真正與文章主旨有關(guān)的是以today開頭的這句話!所以,顯而易見,這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容就是Renaissance(文藝復興)。
例2: In the last class, we discussed the Jazz music history. But today, I am going to talk about the development of the jazz music.
那么很顯然,In the last class, we discussed the Jazz music history。這是上節(jié)課講的內(nèi)容。在強轉(zhuǎn)折but之后,老師緊接著說I am going to talk about the development of the jazz music. 那么,文章的主旨也就很明確了。
在了解了如何在文章的開頭抓主旨以后,我們再來看一下引導文章主旨的信號標志詞,以便我們更好地定位選項。
4、 主旨題的信號標志詞
Lecture引導主旨題信號標志詞總結(jié)
1) 總結(jié)
語詞后的動詞詞組:
today we will talk about...
today we will discuss...
today we will look at...
today we will tell...
2) 舊托福:
today we will spend several minutes in...
today we will focus on...
today we will concentrate on...
3) 動詞時態(tài):
've, -ed
will, be going to
4) 介詞
About
注意點:在第三條中,動詞過去式和過去分詞后面引導的都是上節(jié)課涉及到的內(nèi)容,所以即使大家聽到了discuss這個詞也可以放棄這部分內(nèi)容。而只要聽好并把握準today后面要講的內(nèi)容即可,也就是be going to/will 后面引導的內(nèi)容,那么,about就是一個經(jīng)常引導主要內(nèi)容的一個介詞。這個詞很關(guān)鍵,要求聽準其后面的賓語是什么,因為這個賓語就是解題的關(guān)鍵。
Conversation 引導主旨題信號標志詞總結(jié)
1. wonder (e.g. I was wondering,…)
2. think (e.g. I am thinking, I was thinking,…)
3. hope (I was hoping,…)
4. need (Do you need, I need…)
5. figure out, work out, sort out
conversation的主要內(nèi)容,一般情況下都是以上的這些詞引導的。常用句型已在后面括號中標注出來。請同學們謹記在心。
5、 主旨題的選項特征
在選擇選項的時候,大家一定要避免選擇如下選項:
1) 范圍小-細節(jié)進入主旨題(最常見);
2) 范圍大-沒鎖定主旨;
3)不正確選項(即文章中根本沒有涉及到的內(nèi)容)
正確選項特征如下:
1)長的名詞結(jié)構(gòu):(技巧:先定位比較of和that前面的詞,在原文中找同意替換。之后確定of和that后面的賓語是否符合原文)
a) …of…
b) …that…
e.g. So, I wanted to discuss a few other terms here…actually, some, uh some ideas about how we manage our resources. Let’s talk about what that…what that means. If we take a resource like water…
Q: What is the talk mainly about?
A. A common method of managing water supply.
B. The formation of underground water systems.
C. Natural processes that renew water supplies.
D. Maintaining the purity of underground water system.
文章中的這句話 “I wanted to discuss a few other terms here…some ideas about”很明確的點出了文章的內(nèi)容主旨。根據(jù)上面的講解,我們很容易把握discuss和about這兩個詞!所以,about后面的“how we manage our resources”就是文章的主旨了!所以根據(jù)同義替換,我們可以將“how”這個詞替換為A選項的method而且of 后面的賓語(managing water supply)也同原文內(nèi)容(how we manage our resources)一致!正確答案為A。
2) . 以how, what, why開頭
e.g. …so the Earth’s surface is made up of these huge segments, these tectonic plates. And these plates move, right? But how can, uh, motion of plates, do you think, influence climate on the Earth? Again, all of you probably read this section in the book, I hope, but, uh, uh, how— how can just motion of the plates impact the climate?
Q: What is the main topic of the talk?
A. The differences in climate that occur in different countries.
B. How movement of the Earth’s plates can affect climate.
C. Why the ocean has less effect on climate than previously thought.
D. The history of the climate of the region where the college is located.
這道題可以明顯根據(jù)部分文章重復找出答案!重復句式為“But how can, uh, motion of plates, do you think, influence climate on the Earth?”去掉其中的插入語,我們可以提煉出“how can motion of plates influence climate on the Earth”。與這句話一致的是B選項。其中,可以找到原文與選項的同義替換是motion=movement、effect= impact/ influence。
從這道題目可以看出:特殊疑問詞也是主旨題正確選項的一大特征。
3) To do
e.g. (lecture)
Ok. Another ancient Greek philosopher we need to discuss is Aristotle– Aristotle’s ethical theory. What Aristotle’s theory is all about is this: he is trying to show you how to be happy—what true happiness is。
Q: What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To illustrate the importance of extrinsic values
B. To explain Aristotle’s views about the importance of teaching
C. To explain why people change what they value
D. To discuss Aristotle’s views about human happiness
“To do”結(jié)構(gòu)在主旨題中出鏡率很高,目的主旨的選項大部分以to do結(jié)構(gòu)開頭。那么,解題的宗旨就是比較動詞do的形式和用詞!如果原文中用到的動詞與選項一致,同學可以首先定位此選項,再比較后面的賓語即可?!癘k. Another ancient Greek philosopher we need to discuss is Aristotle– Aristotle’s ethical theory。”從原文中可以看到discuss這個詞,那么這個詞正好與D選項中的discuss相吻合,而其后的賓語“human happiness”也一致,所以答案無可厚非為D。
上述就是關(guān)于策略備考托福聽力的重中之重--主旨題的全部內(nèi)容,希望對大家的學習考試有所幫助!
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