如何用雅思閱讀來(lái)提高寫(xiě)作

為了幫助大家更好地備戰(zhàn)雅思考試，今天就給大家?guī)?lái)一些小作文的專(zhuān)業(yè)表達(dá)，對(duì)于小作文的寫(xiě)法有較好的了解。同時(shí)就大作文而言，所選的4篇閱讀文章與寫(xiě)作題目的相關(guān)性應(yīng)該能夠讓大家明白精讀不僅對(duì)于提高閱讀本身有幫助，同時(shí)對(duì)于寫(xiě)作也會(huì)有所提升。同學(xué)們可以多關(guān)注一下閱讀文章，應(yīng)該會(huì)有所啟發(fā)，下面請(qǐng)看：如何用雅思閱讀來(lái)提高寫(xiě)作的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。

（一）TASK 1

A: 數(shù)據(jù)性圖表

（1）百分比的直接描述---摘自于C4T1 Reading Passage1

1.    The commonest response were continents or countries: Africa (given by 43% of children), South Africa(30%), Brazil (25%).---括號(hào)帶入百分比，比較直觀及簡(jiǎn)單

2.    The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that the rainforests provide animals with habitats.---百分比作為插入語(yǔ)部分放在句中，體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法的高級(jí)性

3.    About 18% of the pupils referred specifically to logging activity.---百分比放句首

4.    Only a few of the pupils(6%) mentioned that rainforest destruction may contribute to global warming.---6%與a few of的歸類(lèi)表述

5.    Two fifths of the students provide the information that the rainforest provide oxygen.---分?jǐn)?shù)與百分比之間的同義轉(zhuǎn)換

（2）數(shù)據(jù)間的對(duì)比與比較---摘自于C4T2 Reading Passage2---Alternative medicine in Australia

1.     12% suffer from digestive problems, which is only 1% more than those suffering from emotional problems.---定語(yǔ)從句比較數(shù)據(jù)

2.     Those suffering from respiratory complaints represent 7% of their patients, and candida sufferers represent an equal percentage.---用equal來(lái)體現(xiàn)相等數(shù)據(jù)的表述

3.     Headache sufferers and those complaining of general ill health represent 6% and 5% of the patients respectively.---用respectively來(lái)引出2個(gè)接近數(shù)據(jù)

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：

2015.04.25

The bar chart compares the changes in the places where people used to surf on the internet in the years 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004 in the UK.

參考寫(xiě)法：

（1）百分比的直接描述

a.    括號(hào)帶入百分比---In 1998, library was the place where fewest people used to surf the Internet(13%)

b.    百分比作為插入語(yǔ)放句中---Library, attracting only 13% of people, was the least favorable place to surf the Internet.

c.    百分比放句首---Nearly 13% of people chose to surf the Internet in the library.

（2）百分比之間的對(duì)比

In 2000, about 48% of people surfed the internet at home, which was 10% more than those at work.---定語(yǔ)從句比較數(shù)據(jù)

In 2000, those surfing the internet in college and in the library represented 20% and 18%, respectively.---用respectively來(lái)引出2個(gè)接近數(shù)據(jù)

（3）趨勢(shì)的寫(xiě)法---摘自于C4T4 Reading Passage 3---The problem of scarce resources

Thus in OECD countries as a whole, health costs increased from 3.8% of GDP in1960 to 7% of GDP in 1980, andit has been predicted that（將來(lái)時(shí)的表述） the proportion of health costs to GDP will continue to increase.

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：

2015.01.30

The chart below shows the percentage of the whole world population in four countries from 1950-2002, with projections to 2050.

參考寫(xiě)法：In India, the percentage of population increased from 15% in1950 to 18% in 2002, and it has been predicted that the proportion will continue to rise to 23% in 2050.

B: 非數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)圖表

在閱讀文章中，地圖題的相關(guān)語(yǔ)言表述基本不常見(jiàn)，但是流程圖的相關(guān)語(yǔ)言特色還是有一定反饋的。

摘自于Bakelite-the birth of modern plastics

這篇閱讀的第5段就是一個(gè)很典型的流程圖的寫(xiě)法，可以從里面學(xué)到相關(guān)詞匯及句型。例如：

1.    The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which…were initially combined---可以用于開(kāi)頭段的書(shū)寫(xiě)

2.    …was allowed to cool until it hardened, and then broken upand ground into powder（冷卻，打碎及碾壓的表達(dá)）

3.    Other substances were then introduced: including…（加入新事物的表達(dá)）

4.    In the last stage, the heated bakelitewas poured into a hollow mold of the required shape and subjected to extreme heatand pressure.（倒進(jìn)去，模具塑形及加熱的表達(dá)）

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：

2006年9月A類(lèi)玻璃瓶回收

參考寫(xiě)法：

開(kāi)頭：The glass bottle recycling outlines a three-step process, in which bottles used by customers are initially gathered.

塑形過(guò)程：Then, the liquid, with additional one, is poured into the glass mold of the required shape to produce new bottles.

（二）TASK 2 

雅思大作文，比起小作文來(lái)講，更難以得到高分。不光其對(duì)于詞匯和句式有著更高的要求，更是由于它文體的特殊性，需要考生提出自己的看法?？紤]到大部分考生還是處在學(xué)習(xí)階段，人生歷練比較少，觀點(diǎn)的產(chǎn)出既要切題又要質(zhì)量高是很困難的一件事。鑒于此，筆者在這里給大家簡(jiǎn)要的分析一下雅思閱讀與寫(xiě)作之間的那些千絲萬(wàn)縷的關(guān)系。

學(xué)過(guò)雅思寫(xiě)作的同學(xué)都知道，雅思大作文基本都是從幾大常考話題中抽取的，比如?？嫉挠薪逃?lèi)，科技類(lèi)，環(huán)境類(lèi)及社會(huì)類(lèi)等。筆者將列舉幾篇典型的閱讀文章告訴你它背后隱藏的寫(xiě)作的故事。 

（1）閱讀文章：Lost for words

匹配的相關(guān)寫(xiě)作題目：

Some people think governments should spend money on measures to save languages with few speakers from dying out completely. Others think this is a waste of financial resources. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.（2011.03.15語(yǔ)言類(lèi)）

分析：語(yǔ)言類(lèi)作文一直是考生比較頭疼的，主要是由于對(duì)于這方面素材積累得比較少，無(wú)話可說(shuō)。因此，要想寫(xiě)好這一篇作文，背景知識(shí)的了解以及知道如何保護(hù)語(yǔ)言還是很重要的，然而在lost for words這篇閱讀中就能找到相關(guān)信息。

Background:

Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers. Street signs, supermarket goods and even their own newspaper are all in English. Not surprisingly, linguists doubt that any native speakers of Navajo will remain in a hundred years’ time.

（此段可以用于寫(xiě)作開(kāi)頭段的背景導(dǎo)入或正文段的論證，用Navajo作為例子，是較好的舉例論證手法。當(dāng)然考生在備考期間可以查詢(xún)和Navajo類(lèi)似的瀕危語(yǔ)言，學(xué)習(xí)本段的論證手法。）

Reasons for languages dying out:

1. The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by the elderly.

2. The deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalization.

（語(yǔ)言瀕危的原因，可以作為切入點(diǎn)去想相關(guān)措施）

Ways to protect:

1. Class for children have showed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest in the language.

2.“Apprentice” programs have provided life support to several indigenous languages.

3. The mere possibility of revival has led many speakers of endangered languages to develop systems of writing where none existed before.

（此3點(diǎn)可作為正文Body1段的參考觀點(diǎn)，比較新穎，值得大家借鑒，如果能體現(xiàn)在作文中，必能吸引考官的眼球）

（2）閱讀文章：How much higher? How much faster?

匹配的相關(guān)寫(xiě)作題目：

It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.（劍7 Test1）

分析：此篇寫(xiě)作題目從屬于教育類(lèi)范疇，考察的是天生與后天之間的關(guān)系，寫(xiě)作難點(diǎn)就是對(duì)于例子的把握。

Background:

At the 1908 Olympic, John Hayes of the US team ran a marathon in a time of 2:55:18. In 1999, Marocco’s Khalid Khannouchi set a new world record of 2:05:42, almost thirty percent faster.

（開(kāi)頭可以使用類(lèi)似對(duì)比的方式來(lái)討論先天與后天哪個(gè)improve the performance）

Gene (born with certain talents):

Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably, but with increasing global participation in athletics,--and greater rewards to tempt athletes--it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified earlier.

（Body1的參考論證來(lái)體現(xiàn)出基因?qū)τ谶\(yùn)動(dòng)員的好處）

閱讀中的同義替換：Genetically talented individuals/running on their genetics

Training (be taught to become a good sports person or musician):

Focused training will also play a role in enabling records to be broken. If we applied the Russian training models to some of the outstanding runners we have in this country, they would be breaking records left and right.

（Body2的參考論證來(lái)體現(xiàn)出運(yùn)動(dòng)的重要性，典型的舉例論證?？忌赡軐?duì)于Russian training model的方式不太熟悉，可以查詢(xún)相關(guān)材料，把握其主旨）

（3）閱讀文章：greying population stays in the pink

匹配的相關(guān)寫(xiě)作題目：

In some countries, the proportion of the elderly people is increasing steadily.Why? Is it a positive or negative development?（熱門(mén)的預(yù)測(cè)題目）

Background:

The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life.

（用報(bào)告的調(diào)查結(jié)果引出老年人目前的狀況，可用于開(kāi)頭段）

Contributing factors:

1. Certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances.

2. Improvements in childhood nutrition gave today’s elderly people a better start in life than their predecessors.

3. Educated people seek more medical attention.

4. Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning.

（文章給出了4個(gè)老年人長(zhǎng)壽的原因，可用于回答寫(xiě)作的第一個(gè)問(wèn)號(hào)，而其中第二和第三兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)比較新穎，考生一般都想不到，平時(shí)可以做積累）

（4）閱讀文章：the impact of wilderness tourism

匹配的相關(guān)寫(xiě)作題目：

These days, some developing countries are expanding their tourism industries. What are the reasons of this phenomenon? Is this a positive or negative development?

Positive:

1. Tourism has been the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan.

2. Tourism is also a key element in the economies of Arctic zones such as Lapland and Alaska and in desert areas such as Ayers Rock in Australia.

（文章提及外幣交換以及促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是旅游帶來(lái)的好處，并且每句話后面都有典型的地點(diǎn)作為例證，顯得非常有說(shuō)服力）

Negative:

1. In some hill regions, this has led to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet, because there is insufficient labor to maintain terraces and irrigation systems and tend to crops.

2. The physical impact of visitors is another serious problem associated with the growth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focus on erosion along major trails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water supplies.

（文章提及農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量下降，飲食結(jié)構(gòu)改變以及游客的破壞是開(kāi)發(fā)旅游的隱藏問(wèn)題?；旧峡忌鷮?duì)于第二句話會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的共識(shí)，但是通過(guò)第一句話相信可以給大家一些比較有創(chuàng)意的觀點(diǎn)，博取考官的眼球）

Solutions:

1. Communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in the regions.

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