雅思課外閱讀：雙語(yǔ)科學(xué)篇之恐龍

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Dinosaurs恐龍

Dinosaurs are large reptiles that roamed the earth thousands of years ago. They mysteriously died out so no one knows for sure exactly how many kinds there were or what they looked like. Skeletons which have been found show us different kinds of teeth so scientists believe that some were meat eaters and some ate plants.

恐龍是幾千年前生存在地球上的大型爬行動(dòng)物。它們離奇地滅絕，沒(méi)有人確切地知道究竟有多少種恐龍以及它們的模樣。已發(fā)現(xiàn)的骸骨向我們展示多種不同類的牙齒，據(jù)此科學(xué)家認(rèn)定，有些恐龍食肉而有些恐龍食草。

Paleontologists are scientists who study old fossils and bones. They have dug up pieces of dinosaur bones, cleaned them and brought them to museums to try to piece together a whole dinosaur. Since dinosaur skin was sometimes pressed into mud, which then hardened, scientists can tell what dinosaur skin looked like.

古生物學(xué)家是研究的化石和骸骨的科學(xué)家。他們挖出了恐龍骨骼碎片，清洗后把它們帶回博物館，試圖拼湊出一只完整的恐龍。由于恐龍的皮膚有時(shí)被壓入泥中，隨后硬化，所以科學(xué)家可以辨認(rèn)恐龍的皮膚。

A dinosaur skeleton put together from bones which have been dug up gives much information about what dinosaurs ate, what they looked like and how they defended themselves. The type of teeth or beak they had tells us what they might have eaten. Horns show us how a particular dinosaur defended itself.

挖掘出來(lái)的骨頭拼湊出的恐龍骨架揭示了恐龍吃什么、長(zhǎng)什么樣、如何保護(hù)自己等信息。牙齒和嘴的類型展示了它們可能的進(jìn)食對(duì)象，而角展示了其特殊的防御方式。

Fossilized skeletons may also give us the entire picture of what a certain dinosaur looked like. After a dinosaur died, the skeleton remained and was quickly pressed into the rock by some force, such as water or other rock, and then hardened. This is how a fossil is created. Fossils are flat, not three-dimensional, like bones.

化石骨架展示了某種恐龍的外形。恐龍死后，骨架保存下來(lái)并被諸如水或其他巖石施加的外力迅速壓入巖石然后硬化。這就是化石形成的方式?；凸穷^一樣是平的而非立體的。

To date, over 300 types of dinosaurs have been named. Dinosaurs are divided into two main groups according to their hip bones. Some had hips arranged like a bird and some like a lizard. Scientists have named many dinosaurs. Some of the lizard-like dinosaurs are Tyrannosaurus Rex, often known as the T-Rex, who was a meat eater, and Diplodocus, who was a plant eater. All bird-hipped dinosaurs were plant eaters. Iguanodon, Triceratops and Stegosaurus are three of the most famous of this type.

迄今為止，已有超過(guò)300種的恐龍被命名。恐龍根據(jù)其髖骨分為兩大類。有些髖骨構(gòu)造如同鳥(niǎo)類，有的又如蜥蜴?？茖W(xué)家命名了很多恐龍。一些蜥蜴狀的恐龍是霸王龍，經(jīng)常被稱為T-雷克斯，它是肉食性恐龍，而梁龍是草食性恐龍。所有的鳥(niǎo)臀目恐龍是食草恐龍。該類中最有名的三者屬禽龍、三角龍、劍龍。

Tyrannosaurus was one of the largest dinosaurs. Compsognathus was the size of a turkey. The largest of all was a group called Sauropods. The huge Sauropod, Barosaurus, might have been able to reach the top of a five-story building.

霸王龍是最大的恐龍之一。美頜龍只有火雞的大小。最大恐龍類群是蜥腳類恐龍。巨大的蜥腳恐龍和重龍可能高達(dá)一棟五層建筑。

Sauropods were the biggest plant eaters. A Sauropod called Apatosaurus ate huge amounts of green plants every day. He didn't chew them but swallowed them along with stones that ground up the food in its stomach. Hadrosaurus had a beak like a duck and ripped up vegetation. He had more than 40 rows of teeth. Some plant eaters may have formed herds to defend themselves against the predatory meat eaters who had larger, sharper teeth.

蜥腳類恐龍是最大的食草動(dòng)物。一種叫迷惑龍的蜥腳類恐龍每天進(jìn)食大量的綠色植物。它沒(méi)有咀嚼，連同石頭一塊兒吞咽，最后在胃內(nèi)磨碎的食物。鴨嘴龍有著鴨子般的喙，它喜歡撕碎植被。它有40多排牙齒。一些食草動(dòng)物成群活動(dòng)從而保護(hù)自己免于體型更大、牙齒更加鋒利肉食性動(dòng)物的掠食。

The largest meat-eating dinosaur was the Giganotosaurus. Scientists think he may have weighed eight tons. Suchomimus ate fish and had a head like a crocodile. Baryonyx lived near water and also ate fish. His curved claw could spear fish. Tyrannosaurus was huge, but slow, and may have used his big head to butt against prey.

最大的肉食恐龍是南方巨獸龍?？茖W(xué)家們認(rèn)為它可能重達(dá)8噸。它吃魚，頭部與鱷魚頭相似。重爪龍近水生活，也以魚為食。它彎曲的爪子可以刺殺魚。霸王龍很大，但速度緩慢，它可能用它的大腦袋撞擊獵物。

In summary, dinosaurs are reptiles which lived on earth thousands of years ago. Some ate plants and some meat. Although they died out, scientists have learned much about them from bones and fossils.

恐龍是幾千年前生活在地球上的爬行動(dòng)物。它們有草食性的，也有肉食性的。雖然它們滅絕了，但科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)通過(guò)其殘骸和化石對(duì)他們有所了解了。

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