考前必讀：托福經(jīng)典聽力加試--英國浪漫主義詩歌

英國浪漫主義詩人華茲華斯及其詩歌

literature主要講述了18-19世紀英國浪漫主義(Romanticism)詩歌的代表人物Wordsworth 的詩。他是浪漫主義的鼻祖，但浪漫主義這個稱謂是后人加上的，不是他們本身這樣稱呼自己的(此處出題) 。Romanticism不是我們平時理解的 romance，和男女之間的愛情無關(guān)。Romanticism針對的是common people而不是少數(shù)educated people， 用的是simple language，描述的是日常生活中常見的事物，孩子，人類情感，以及自然和人類之間的互動。教授以自己為例，說自己在**時感受到了這種互動(此處出題)。與 romanticism 針鋒相對的一種風格是 neoclassicism新古典主義，也是那位 romanticism 的鼻祖很反對的。Neoclassicism使用太多的 elaboration，如 sky 不叫 sky，而叫 blue 什么的;bird 不叫 bird，而叫 feathered person。

教授把該詩人的作品分為三個階段。早期的浪漫主義作品，主要描述植物的(花與草)詩歌。中期時是對一些社會現(xiàn)象的評論。后期時對早期的作品進行修改。目前文學界還是認為它早期的作品是最好的。(教授還說，Wordsworth的詩越寫到后來越糟糕，反而早期的比較好，本文重點講了他第一階段的詩)。

補充資料：

ROMANTICISM

Romanticism is a style in the fine arts and literature. It emphasizes passion rather than reason, and imagination and intuition rather than logic. Romanticism favors full expression of the emotions, and free, spontaneous action rather than restraint and order.

Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th-century Neoclassicism in particular.

It was also to some extent a reaction against the Enlightenment and against 18th-century rationalism and physical materialism in general. Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental.

Romanticism in literature. During the Romantic Movement, most writers were discontented with their world. It seemed commercial, inhuman, and standardized. To escape from modern life, the Romantics turned their interest to remote and faraway places, the medieval past, folklore and legends, and nature and the common people. The Romantics were also drawn to the supernatural.

WORDSWORTH

Wordsworth, William (1770-1850), is considered by many scholars to be the most important English Romantic poet. In 1795, Wordsworth met Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The two men collaborated on Lyrical Ballads (1798), a collection of poems frequently regarded as the symbolic beginning of the English Romantic movement.

Wordsworth argued that serious poems could describe "situations from common life" and be written in the ordinary language "really used by men." He believed such poems could clarify "the primary laws of our nature." Wordsworth also insisted that poetry is "emotion recollected in tranquility."

He explained that his poetry used everyday language rather than the elevated poetic language of such earlier writers as Dryden and Pope because everyday language comes closer to expressing genuine human feeling. For the same reason, he wanted to write about everyday topics, especially rural, unsophisticated subjects.

Wordsworth and Coleridge lived most of their lives in the scenic Lake District of northwestern England and wrote expressively about the beauties of nature and the thoughts that natural beauty inspires. Many of their blank verse poems are written in a meditative, conversational tone new to English poetry.

Wordsworth, as we have said, is the chief representative典型的 of some of the most important principles原則 in the romantic movement, but he is far more a member of any movement, through his supreme poetic expression of some of the greatest spiritual ideals he belongs among the five or six greatest English poets.

First, he is the profoundest interpreter of nature in all poetry. His feeling for nature has two aspects. he is keenly sensitive, and in a more delicately discriminating way than any of his predecessors, to all the external beauty and glory of nature, especially inanimate nature of mountains, woods and fields, streams and flowers, in all their infinitely varied aspects. A wonderful joyous and intimate sympathy with them is one of his controlling impulses.

In the second place, Wordsworth is the most consistent of all the great English poets of democracy, though here as elsewhere his interest is mainly not t in the external but in the spiritual aspect of things.

The obstinacy and these poems are only the most conspicuous result of Wordsworth chief temperamental defect, which was an almost total lack of the sense of humor. Regarding himself as the prophet of a supremely important new gospel, he never admitted the possibility of error in his own point of view and was never able to stand aside from his poetry and criticize it dispassionately.

題目：

問題一：浪漫主義詩的特點。

(雙選)針對的是個人情感，與古典主義不同。

問題二：浪漫主義這個稱謂是后人加上的，不是他們本身這樣稱呼自己的。

問題三：重聽題 是對古典主義詩的描述，說他們把 bird 說成 fly people。

大概是表現(xiàn)古典主義詩的特征。

問題四：教授對浪漫主義的態(tài)度?

問題五：說教授在自己**的時候感受到互動的用意?

作為例子和證據(jù)，證明教授的觀點：Romanticism 針對的是 common people 而不是少數(shù) educated people，用的是 simple language，描述的是日常生活中常見的事物，孩子，人類情感，以及自然和人類之間的互動。教授以自己為例，說自己在**時感受到了這種互動。

問題六：重聽題，大意是說教授認為作者第一階段的早期作品比較好，但是在課上不對以后的作品作評價，暗示了什么? 文重點講了他第一階段的詩。

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