雙語(yǔ)閱讀|睡覺(jué)是為了遺忘

今天，我們來(lái)給大家整理了一篇科技類(lèi)的閱讀材料《睡覺(jué)是為了遺忘》。正在備考雅思托福等考試的同學(xué)一定要讀一讀。希望可以幫助大家備考。

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Sleep is as mysterious as it is vital for our wellbeing. Over the decades, researchers have proposed several mechanisms through which sleep rejuvenates us, but we still don't fully understand the big picture. Now, two recently published studies come up with an interesting explanation: we sleep to forget some of the things we learn during the day.

睡眠對(duì)我們的健康至關(guān)重要，但它神秘莫測(cè)。過(guò)去的數(shù)十年里，研究人員提出了若干種睡眠讓人煥然一新的機(jī)理，但我們依然沒(méi)有完全掌握有關(guān)睡眠的全部知識(shí)?，F(xiàn)在，兩篇新近發(fā)表的研究提出了一個(gè)有趣的解釋?zhuān)何覀內(nèi)胨菫榱送舭滋鞂W(xué)到的某些東西。

We store memories in networks in our brains. Whenever we learn something new, we grow new connections between neurons, called synapses. In 2003, Giulio Tononi and Chiara Cirelli, biologists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, proposed something very interesting: during the day, we learn so much and develop so many synapses that things sometimes get fuzzy. Since then, the two and their collaborators have made quite a few interesting additions to that study.

我們通過(guò)大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)存儲(chǔ)記憶。無(wú)論何時(shí)學(xué)到新東西，神經(jīng)元之間都會(huì)建立起一種叫做“突觸”的聯(lián)結(jié)。2003年，威斯康星大學(xué)麥迪遜分校的生物學(xué)家朱里奧?托諾尼和基婭拉?西勒利提出了一種很有意思的觀點(diǎn)：我們?cè)诎滋鞂W(xué)到了那么多東西，構(gòu)建了那么多突觸，有時(shí)候把自己搞糊涂了。從那時(shí)起，這兩位生物學(xué)家就和同事們一起在這項(xiàng)研究的基礎(chǔ)上不斷添加了許多有趣的內(nèi)容。

For starters, they showed that neurons can prune out some synapses, at least in the lab. But they suspected the same things happens every day, naturally, in our brains — probably during sleep.

首先，他們告訴大家：神經(jīng)元會(huì)修剪掉一些突觸，至少在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里是這樣的。但他們猜測(cè)同樣的事也會(huì)每天在自然狀態(tài)下的大腦中發(fā)生，而且很可能是在睡眠中發(fā)生。

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So they set up a painstaking experiment, in which Luisa de Vivo, an assistant scientist working in their lab, collected 6,920 synapses from mice, both awake and sleeping. Then, they determined the shape and size of all these synapses, learning that the synapses in sleeping mice were 18 percent smaller than in awake ones. That's quite a big margin.

所以，他們?cè)O(shè)置了一項(xiàng)非常費(fèi)力的實(shí)驗(yàn)：他們實(shí)驗(yàn)室中的一位助理研究員路易莎?德?維沃從老鼠身上找了6920個(gè)突觸，這些老鼠有的醒著有的睡著。然后，他們弄清所有這些突觸的形狀和大小，發(fā)現(xiàn)睡著的老鼠身上的突觸要比醒著的那些小18%，差距非常大。

After this, they designed a memory test for mice. They placed the animals in a room where they would get a mild electrical shock if they walked over one particular section of the floor. They injected some of the mice with a substance that had been proved to prevent the pruning of new synapses. The mice that experienced this were much more likely to forget about the section and after a good night's sleep, they tended to walk over the section again, while mice that slept normally remembered better.

然后，他們?yōu)槔鲜笤O(shè)計(jì)了一項(xiàng)記憶測(cè)試。他們把老鼠放在一個(gè)房間里，如果它們走到地板上一個(gè)特定區(qū)域，就會(huì)受到輕微電擊。他們往一些老鼠體內(nèi)注射了一種物質(zhì)，經(jīng)驗(yàn)證，這種物質(zhì)能阻止神經(jīng)元修剪新突觸。接受過(guò)注射的老鼠更容易忘記電擊區(qū)域，好好睡過(guò)一夜之后，它們還是會(huì)走到那個(gè)區(qū)域，而正常睡眠的老鼠則記得更清楚。

Then, Dr. Tononi and his colleagues found that the pruning didn't strike every neuron. Some 20% were unchanged, likely well-established memories that shouldn't be tampered with.

這樣，托諾尼博士和同事們就發(fā)現(xiàn)了：修剪并不會(huì)牽涉到每個(gè)神經(jīng)元。大約有20%的部分不會(huì)改變，很可能牢固構(gòu)建的記憶不會(huì)竄改。

In other words, we sleep to forget — but in a smart way.

換句話(huà)說(shuō)，我們睡著是為了遺忘——但是是以一種聰明的方式遺忘。

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