11月20日GRE最新考情全面回顧

上周末的GRE考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束，參加的同學(xué)們感覺(jué)如何呢？有同學(xué)在前線發(fā)回報(bào)道，這里留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)的老師就來(lái)給大家分享一下：11月20日GRE最新考情全面回顧，供大家參考學(xué)習(xí)。

作文

ISSUE：

1.    If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.

2.    Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.

3.    No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.

解析：

1.Pros: 有些目標(biāo)極其偉大，尤其是站在國(guó)家這個(gè)層面來(lái)說(shuō)，實(shí)現(xiàn)這一的目標(biāo)就需要付出相應(yīng)的代價(jià)。且更多的時(shí)候，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，人們并沒(méi)有更好的選擇。例子：很多例子都可以用但以下只提供參考例子：羅斯福新政。

Cons 1：為了實(shí)現(xiàn)一些不切實(shí)際的目標(biāo)也會(huì)消耗大量的社會(huì)資源，而且是不必要的消耗，這就是一種浪費(fèi)。比如：中國(guó)的大躍進(jìn)，朝鮮的餓死農(nóng)民造核彈等。

Cons 2：重點(diǎn)談unjustified，什么樣的unjustified是大部分人都無(wú)法接受的？犧牲他人利益來(lái)為自己獲益的不折手段實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，是大部分人都無(wú)法接受的方式，尤其當(dāng)這一過(guò)程還是被強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的時(shí)候。因?yàn)閷?duì)于獲益者來(lái)說(shuō)任何手段都是合理合法的，但是對(duì)于失利者來(lái)說(shuō)，他們被剝削了。例子：太多了，生活中被長(zhǎng)輩權(quán)威逼著干這干那兒，或者國(guó)家層面上，中國(guó)建三峽，朝鮮造核彈等。

2.高頻中的高頻

Pros 1：出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)可以提高姿勢(shì)水平，尤其是可以了解到自己學(xué)科在不同國(guó)家的發(fā)展情況和發(fā)展方向，有利于加深自己對(duì)于本學(xué)科的理解。例子：summer school (personal experience)

Pros 2：了解文化多樣性，學(xué)會(huì)尊重不同的文化，有利于成為國(guó)際化人才。例子：summer school

Cons 1：出國(guó)留學(xué)不應(yīng)該是來(lái)自學(xué)校的requirement，因?yàn)閷?shí)施起來(lái)有困難。不是所有學(xué)生都負(fù)擔(dān)得起出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)和生活的費(fèi)用。一旦學(xué)校強(qiáng)制學(xué)生出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)，很多家庭可能會(huì)因?yàn)闊o(wú)法負(fù)擔(dān)而產(chǎn)生一系列問(wèn)題。例子：現(xiàn)象

Cons 2：除了可行性問(wèn)題，其實(shí)還要考慮這個(gè)requirement的副作用。海外留學(xué)，除了很花錢之外，還要適應(yīng)問(wèn)題。融入當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕蜕瞽h(huán)境對(duì)于很多大學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)都是問(wèn)題，而且一旦這些問(wèn)題解決不好的話可能造成悲劇。例子：個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或者現(xiàn)象

3.Pros：確實(shí)是這樣的，因?yàn)閷W(xué)科的劃分是人根據(jù)自己的認(rèn)知?jiǎng)澐值模绕涫抢碚撔詫W(xué)科，不是知識(shí)本身就存在區(qū)別。所以，其實(shí)這種劃分只是讓人能夠更加專注某一個(gè)學(xué)科或者領(lǐng)域的研究，但是本質(zhì)上，知識(shí)都是一體的。例子：化學(xué)，生物。

Pros：對(duì)于工程類學(xué)科來(lái)說(shuō)，這種交叉就更加有意義，因?yàn)楣こ填悓W(xué)科專注于問(wèn)題的解決，所有需要有大量的不同的知識(shí)的互相幫助和氣氛。例子：計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)科

Cons：但是，某些理論性極強(qiáng)的學(xué)科，比如哲學(xué)，理論數(shù)學(xué)和理論物理等，通常是被應(yīng)用到其他學(xué)科，而其他學(xué)科的知識(shí)和進(jìn)步很少能促進(jìn)到這些學(xué)科的進(jìn)步。

想在GRE寫作ISSUE部分取得突破？請(qǐng)下載：《GRE ISSUE 寫作論證論據(jù)素材大全》

ARGUMENT：

1.The following appeared in a letter from a firm providing investment advice for a client.

   "Most homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last heating season that region experienced 90 days with below-normal temperatures, and climate forecasters predict that this weather pattern will continue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes are being built in the region in response to recent population growth. Because of these trends, we predict an increased demand for heating oil and recommend investment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major business operations is the retail sale of home heating oil."

解析：

此題版本很多，解析根據(jù)學(xué)生回憶的題目寫成

論證步驟：天氣預(yù)報(bào) → 未來(lái)會(huì)冷

   假設(shè)：天氣預(yù)報(bào)可靠

   反例：一直都不準(zhǔn)

   補(bǔ)充證據(jù)：天氣預(yù)報(bào)過(guò)去的可信度

   論證步驟：傳統(tǒng)用油 + 新房 + 未來(lái)會(huì)冷 → 油的需求量增多

   假設(shè)：過(guò)去用油的未來(lái)還會(huì)用油；新房子用油

   反例：替代能源更便宜，更干凈；新房子不用油取暖

   補(bǔ)充證據(jù)：有沒(méi)有替代能源；新房子具體的取暖方式？

   論證步驟：油的需求量增高 + CI做油 → 投資CI賺錢

   假設(shè)：CI有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力

   反例：很矬的公司；油質(zhì)量很差

   補(bǔ)充證據(jù)：是不是就CI一家賣油

2.The following is a recommendation from the business manager of Monarch Books.

  "Since its opening in Collegeville twenty years ago, Monarch Books has developed a large customer base due to its reader-friendly atmosphere and wide selection of books on all subjects. Last month, Book and Bean, a combination bookstore and coffee shop, announced its intention to open a Collegeville store. Monarch Books should open its own in-store café in the space currently devoted to children's books. Given recent national census data indicating a significant decline in the percentage of the population under age ten, sales of children's books are likely to decline. By replacing its children's books section with a café, Monarch Books can increase profits and ward off competition from Book and Bean."

論證步驟：全國(guó)調(diào)查中兒童人數(shù)下降很多à砍掉兒童圖書無(wú)嚴(yán)重壞處

假設(shè)：此地兒童人口趨勢(shì)跟全國(guó)一樣；兒童少量?jī)和瘯馁?gòu)買力下降；當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬粫?huì)對(duì)砍掉兒童圖書區(qū)不滿

反例：此地兒童人口沒(méi)下將；即便下降了，購(gòu)買力仍然上升；當(dāng)?shù)厝朔浅２凰瑳](méi)有兒童書籍區(qū)

補(bǔ)充證據(jù)：實(shí)際兒童人口數(shù)量，兒童書籍銷量變化以及當(dāng)?shù)厝藢?duì)于砍掉兒童書籍區(qū)域的態(tài)度

   論證步驟：R開了Café à R的咖啡館成功

   假設(shè)：R的Café幫助其成功

   反例：根本就不成功

   證據(jù)：R的業(yè)績(jī)

   論證步驟：R的咖啡館成功->M的咖啡館會(huì)成功

   假設(shè)：兩個(gè)店沒(méi)有顯著區(qū)別

   反例：M周圍各種NB咖啡館，建了也不吸引人

   補(bǔ)充證據(jù)：周圍咖啡館情況

3.The following appeared in an editorial in a business magazine.

  "Although the sales of Whirlwind video games have declined over the past two years, a recent survey of video-game players suggests that this sales trend is about to be reversed. The survey asked video-game players what features they thought were most important in a video game. According to the survey, players prefer games that provide lifelike graphics, which require the most up-to-date computers. Whirlwind has just introduced several such games with an extensive advertising campaign directed at people ten to twenty-five years old, the age-group most likely to play video games. It follows, then, that the sales of Whirlwind video games are likely to increase dramatically in the next few months."

論證步驟：調(diào)查顯示玩家喜歡畫質(zhì)逼真的游戲 → 畫質(zhì)逼真的游戲最火熱

   假設(shè)：這些玩家真正有代表性

   反例：調(diào)查中選擇了最容易想到的理由，其實(shí)其他因素對(duì)他們影響更大；在游戲店做的調(diào)查，于是所有受調(diào)查者的人是極其關(guān)注游戲的人，但是游戲的實(shí)際對(duì)象是絕大部分年輕人。

   補(bǔ)充證據(jù)：調(diào)查的可靠過(guò)程

   論證步驟：人們喜歡高配的高畫質(zhì)游戲 → 人們會(huì)買高配的高畫質(zhì)游戲

   假設(shè)：機(jī)器配置達(dá)標(biāo)

   反例：大部分人機(jī)器達(dá)不到頂配

   證據(jù)：具體玩家的機(jī)器配置

   論證步驟：新游戲具有以上特質(zhì) → 新游戲賣得好

   假設(shè)：其它方面也達(dá)標(biāo)

   反例：只有畫質(zhì)，沒(méi)有內(nèi)容，沒(méi)有平衡性，沒(méi)有劇情，特別貴

   補(bǔ)充證據(jù)：新游戲除了畫面之外的其他優(yōu)點(diǎn) 

填空

1. Barring the discovery of new letters, hidden diaries, or the like, fresh information about eminent people is hard to find because their lives have been so intensely ______.

A. ridiculed

B. scrutinized

C. admired

D. embellished

E. underrated

解析：選B，barring意為除了，所以句子的意思是除了發(fā)現(xiàn)新的信件，日記這些，名人的新聞太難找了因?yàn)樗麄兊娜松呀?jīng)________。填仔細(xì)檢查過(guò)了scrutinized, 因?yàn)樵缇妥屑?xì)查過(guò)了所以沒(méi)有新聞挖了。

2 As the biography makes plain, the scientist led ______ sort of life, rarely remaining in one place for long. 

A.    an enigmatic

B.    an idiosyncratic

C.    an itinerant

D.    a cautious

E.    a peripatetic

F.    a circumspect

解析：CE，全句沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，所以根據(jù)內(nèi)容空格后內(nèi)容與空格取同，空格后說(shuō)的是很少在一個(gè)地方呆很久，那空格里也需要填的是很少在一個(gè)地方呆很久。

如果感覺(jué)自己的詞匯量還是不足，你需要：Magoosh詞匯表下載來(lái)了（適用于GRE和GMAT考試）

閱讀

   Some archaeologists speculate that the Americas might have been initially colonized between 40,000 and 25,000 years ago. However, to support this theory it is necessary to explain the absence of generally accepted habitation sites for that time interval in what is now the United States. Australia, which has a smaller land area than the United States, has many such sites, supporting the generally accepted claim that the continent was colonized by humans at least 40,000 years ago. Australia is less densely populated (resulting in lower chances of discovering sites) and with its overall greater aridity would have presented conditions less favorable for hunter-gatherer occupation. Proportionally, at least as much land area has been lost from the coastal regions of Australia because of postglacial sea-level rise as in the United States, so any coastal archaeological record in Australia should have been depleted about as much as a coastal record in the United States. Since there are so many resource-rich rivers leading inland from the United States coastlines, it seems implausible that a growing population of humans would have confined itself to coasts for thousands of years. If inhabitants were present 25,000 years ago, the chances of their appearing in the archaeological record would seem to be greater than for Australia.

1. The passage is primarily concerned with doing which of the following?

　　A. Presenting an objection to a claim

　　B. Accounting for an apparent anomaly

　　C. Outlining an alternative interpretation

　　D. Correcting a particular misconception

　　E. Questioning the validity of a comparison 

2. The author of the passage implies which of the following about 25,000 years ago?

　　A. The coastline of the region that is now the United States is longer than it was 40,000 years ago.

　　B. Rivers in what is now the United States were numerous than they are now.

　　C. Australia was less densely populated at that time than was the region that is now the United States.

　　D. Australia’s climate was significantly drier than it is now.

　　E. Global sea level was lower than it is now. 

3. The author of the passage implies that, in what is now the United States, archaeological evidence of inhabitation in the period from 40,000 to 25,000 years ago is lacking because that region is

　　A. had its oldest habitation sites inundated following a postglacial rise in sea level

　　B. has many resource-rich rivers that facilitated the dispersal of early inhabitants from an initial concentration in coastal areas

　　C. was sparsely populated until about 25,000 years ago

　　D. was colonized less than 25,000 years ago

　　E. was inhabited only by hunter-gatherers until 25,000 years ago

解析：答案A E D

文章一開始給的是引用觀點(diǎn)：考古學(xué)家認(rèn)為如今的美國(guó)最初被人類所居住是在4萬(wàn)到2萬(wàn)5千年前。但是，作者說(shuō)，考古學(xué)家需要解釋為什么找不到那個(gè)時(shí)期人類居住的痕跡。接著，一系列細(xì)節(jié)，根據(jù)邏輯詞判斷可以先不看因?yàn)槊鞔_知道，一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)后只要沒(méi)有表反駁的詞，通常是觀點(diǎn)的具體化。細(xì)節(jié)之后，作者得到一個(gè)判斷：即假如考古學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)為真的話，他們理應(yīng)能夠找到考古遺跡（但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有遺跡）。這個(gè)時(shí)候，作者已經(jīng)在暗示：考古學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)是不靠譜的。這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)從頭到尾作者都沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)出，而需要由我們自己從文章信息中推斷出來(lái)。論證過(guò)程是：考古學(xué)家觀點(diǎn)是4萬(wàn)到2.5萬(wàn)年前美洲有人，那就應(yīng)該有遺跡。但是，現(xiàn)在的情況是，沒(méi)遺跡，于是按照作者之前給的邏輯，沒(méi)遺跡，那就很有可能美洲沒(méi)人住。即，P→ q, 那么~P → ~q

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