2016年7月17日GRE考情回顧

ETS在7月17日周日舉辦了一場(chǎng)GRE考試。今天，留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)的老師就來(lái)給大家分享一份本次GRE考試的考情回顧，希望可以幫助大家學(xué)習(xí)和備考。

寫作

Issue：

"The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."

個(gè)體的偉大只能由他/她的后人來(lái)評(píng)判，而不能由他/她同時(shí)代的人來(lái)評(píng)判。

Argument：

The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine.

"Two studies of amphibians in Xanadu National Park confirm a significant decline in the numbers of amphibians. In 1975 there were seven species of amphibians in the park, and there were abundant numbers of each species. However, in 2002 only four species of amphibians were observed in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced. One proposed explanation is that the decline was caused by the introduction of trout into the park's waters, which began in 1975. (Trout are known to eat amphibian eggs.)"

在X國(guó)家公園對(duì)于兩棲動(dòng)物所進(jìn)行的兩次研究證實(shí)了兩棲動(dòng)物數(shù)量的急劇下降。1975年公園中有7種兩棲動(dòng)物，每種的數(shù)量都很豐富。 然而到了202年在公園中只觀察到4種兩棲動(dòng)物，并且每種動(dòng)物的數(shù)量都顯著下降。一種解釋就是兩棲動(dòng)物數(shù)量的下降曾被歸因于始于1975年的在公園水域引入鮭魚(yú)的行為（鮭魚(yú)捕食兩棲動(dòng)物的卵）。

Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.

閱讀

長(zhǎng)文章1

文章大意：

十八世紀(jì)晚期英國(guó)文學(xué)的權(quán)威們似乎認(rèn)為相比于小說(shuō)而言，女性應(yīng)該去喜歡歷史而非小說(shuō)，因?yàn)殚喿x歷史被認(rèn)為是有好處的，這一點(diǎn)可以從Hanway的一部小說(shuō)中看出，小說(shuō)女主人公喜歡讀歷史，所以大家就覺(jué)得她比她不喜歡讀歷史的妹妹更有美德、更聰明。在簡(jiǎn)奧斯丁的另一部小說(shuō)里也體現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)，一個(gè)角色不喜歡歷史，而另一個(gè)更聰明、成熟的角色則喜歡歷史。然而，這兩個(gè)例子中對(duì)歷史的贊揚(yáng)其實(shí)是雙刃劍。簡(jiǎn)奧斯丁小說(shuō)里的那個(gè)角色之所以不喜歡讀歷史，是因?yàn)樗幌矚g充滿了男性、而幾乎沒(méi)有女性的歷史書(shū)，這體現(xiàn)了從女權(quán)主義角度對(duì)歷史的一種批評(píng)。而Hanway在其小說(shuō)中給主人公對(duì)歷史的閱讀帶來(lái)了政治上的爭(zhēng)議，把那個(gè)時(shí)代最富有爭(zhēng)議的兩個(gè)宗教懷疑這列為自己最喜歡的歷史作者(Hume和Gibbons)。雖然Hume寫的歷史不如他的哲學(xué)那么引起人們的爭(zhēng)議，在Hanway的那個(gè)時(shí)代也有著廣泛的對(duì)于Hume作為一個(gè)歷史作家的道德上的懷疑，而Gibbons對(duì)于古典異教的支持從他關(guān)于羅馬的歷史出現(xiàn)的第一天就引起了爭(zhēng)議。

題目1：The author’s primary purpose is that

參考答案：a particular issue is more complex than it might appear

題目2: The highlighted sentence exemplifies which of the following?

(Readers of Marry Ann Hanw ay’s novel Andrew Stewart, or the Northern Wanderer, learning that its heroine delights in David Hume’s and Edward Gibbon’s histories, could conclude that she was more virtuous and intelligent than her sister, who disdains such reading.)

參考答案：An instance in which a particular judgment about the value of reading history is apparently presupposed

題目3：作者支持以下哪項(xiàng)下面關(guān)于Hume的說(shuō)法（ 這道是講義中沒(méi)有的題目）

對(duì)應(yīng)文章原句：Hume’s history was generally seen as being less objectionable than his philosophy

題目4：The author mentions the “widespread doubts” in order to

參考答案：illustrate a point about a way eighteenth-century fiction sometimes represented historians

長(zhǎng)文章2

越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明山體滑坡的頻率和強(qiáng)度在世界很多地方都在發(fā)生變化，作為對(duì)氣候變化的一種回應(yīng)。這不是一件奇怪的事情，考慮到降雨是山體滑坡的兩大外界誘因之一，另一個(gè)是地震活動(dòng)。過(guò)去的證據(jù)明確地表明，山體滑坡活動(dòng)活躍的周期后緊接著不活躍的周期，這些變化與氣候的變化在不同的時(shí)間尺度上都是相關(guān)的。

而最近的山體滑坡與之前的不同之處在于最近的滑坡很有可能是人類造成的，要么是單獨(dú)作用，要么是與氣候因素共同作用，而進(jìn)一步地改變了山體滑坡的過(guò)程和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對(duì)之的相應(yīng)。在這些因素中，森林砍伐和土地用途的改變有能力改變山體滑坡的頻率和強(qiáng)度，因?yàn)樗鼈兡軌蛑苯佑绊懼脖坏奶匦?，而植被能夠影響山坡的穩(wěn)定性。山體的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能夠在多大程度上承受這種變化，即在發(fā)生變化之前山體能夠吸收多少這樣的影響，目前還不清楚。研究這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)長(zhǎng)期的群山保護(hù)是非常重要的。

題目1：The author of the passage cites “evidence from the past” in order to

參考答案：support a partial explanation

題目2：The passage makes which of the following claims?

參考答案：Decreases in landsliding activity have historically been accompanied by changes in climate.

題目3：The author of the passage suggests which of the following about the role of human factors in landsliding activity? （多選題）

參考答案：Human factors can intensify or alter the effects of climate change on landsliding activity. 與 Until recently, human factors did not have much impact on landsliding activity.

短文章：

一個(gè)很有影響力的之前的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)包含了僅能夠?yàn)橛邢迶?shù)量的物種所使用的生態(tài)位(niches), 物種之間對(duì)于資源的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，不管是本地物種之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)還是包含了入侵物種，決定了一個(gè)物種的成功與否。然而，除了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)以外的一些其他因素通常能夠解釋入侵物種的成功。比如，美國(guó)灰松鼠經(jīng)常被作為一個(gè)很經(jīng)典的在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)方面有優(yōu)勢(shì)的成功的入侵物種，于1876年被引入英國(guó)，現(xiàn)在種群數(shù)量很多，而原來(lái)的本地物種紅松鼠數(shù)量則減少了。雖然科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，灰松鼠在覓食方面比紅松鼠效率更高，他們也注意到即使在灰松鼠被引入之前，英國(guó)的紅松鼠的數(shù)量就已經(jīng)有一個(gè)周期性的趨勢(shì)在減少以至于滅絕，而后來(lái)被重新引入。另外，很多灰松鼠身上攜帶著對(duì)于灰松鼠致命的疾病。

題目：

1. It can be inferred that the author of the passage mentions the efficiency with which gray squirrels

forage primarily in order to

A. identify a factor that explains a certain phenomenon

B. call attention to an inconsistency in a particular theory

C. suggest that competition cannot be the factor responsible for a particular outcome

D. acknowledge a fact that appears to support a view that the author intends to qualify

E. cite evidence that is not consistent with an early influential view about species competition

參考答案： D

2. It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the “early view?”

A. It reflects a mistaken assumption about the means by which nonnative species are introduced into ecosystems.

B. Its basic premise is shown to be valid by the effect of American gray squirrels on Britain’s red squirrel population.

C. It presents a simplistic picture of the means by which species composition within ecosystems is determined.

D. It can effectively explain the formation of ecosystems that contain few species but cannot adequately account for the formation of complex ecosystems.

E. It understates the importance of competition as a factor determining species composition within ecosystems.

參考答案： C

（注：本文部分內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)載自網(wǎng)絡(luò)和其他公眾號(hào)資源）

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